Health Wealth

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

A

Abscesses

A localised collection of pus formed as the product of inflammation.

Acid-Alkaline pH chemical balance

Acidity and alkalinity are measured according to the pH (potential of hydrogen) scale. Water, with a pH of 7.0 is considered neutral - neither acid or alkaline. Any substance with a pH below 7.0 is considered acid, becoming more acid as it approaches 1. Any substance with a pH ABOVE 7.0 is considered alkaline, becoming more alkaline up to a limit of 14.0.

Acidosis

An abnormal condition of reduced alkalinity of the blood and tissues that is marked by sickly sweet breath, headache, nausea and vomiting, and visual disturbances and is usually a result of excessive acid production.

Additives

a. Also called food additive. a substance added directly to food during processing, as for preservation, coloring, or stabilization. b. Something that becomes part of food or affects it as a result of packaging or processing, as debris or radiation.

Adrenals

Glands at the anterior end of each kidney. It secretes adrenaline. Adrenaline is a hormone secreted in response to stress and increases heart rate, pulse rate and blood pressure.

Alimentary Canal

The tubular passage extending from the mouth to the anus, through which food is passed and digested.

Allergen

An allergen is a type of antigen that produces an abnormally vigorous immune response in which the immune system fights off a perceived threat that would otherwise be harmless to the body. Such reactions are called allergies. A very broad range of substances can be allergens to sensitive individuals.

Anaemia

A condition in which the blood is deficient in red blood cells, in haemoglobin, or in total volume, resulting in pallor, shortness of breath, lack of energy, lack of vitality or vigour and pallid complexion.

Antioxidant

A substance that combines with or otherwise neutralizes a free radical, thus preventing oxidative damage to cells and tissues.

Antigent

Any substance that induces the immune system to produce antibodies against it is called an antigen. Any foreign invaders, such as pathogens (bacteria and viruses), chemicals, toxins, and pollens, can be antigens. Under pathological conditions, normal cellular proteins can become self-antigens.

Apple

Don't peel your apple. Two-thirds of the fibre and lots of antioxidants are found in the peel. Apples are a great source of the fibre pectin. One apple has five grams of fibre. Apples are fat, sodium, and cholesterol free and come in all shades of reds, greens, yellows. The old saying, “ an apple a day, keeps the doctor away ” comes from an old English adage, “ To eat an apple before going to bed, will make the doctor beg his bread.” 25 percent of an apple's volume is air. That is why they float!

Atherosclerosis

A degenerative disease of the arteries characterized by patchy thickening of the inner lining of the arterial walls, caused by deposits of fatty material, resulting in higher risk of coronary artery disease and stroke.

B

Beans

Beans compliment whole grains as plant sources of essential amino acids, which is why they are often served together in meatless meals. Chick peas and millet, lentils and barley, rice and dal, corn bread and black-eyed peas, rice and kidney beans are common example of the grain-and-bean protein team. Together they provide the full spectrum of essential amino acids required for human nutrition, usually in a proportion of one part beans to two parts grain. Beans are acidifying. Though much touted as a 'whole protein' food, Soya beans and tofu are not very easy to digest, and they can also interfere with the absorption of zinc.

Beta-Carotene

Beta-carotene belongs to a group of plant compounds called carotenoids. These are the pigments that provide the yellow, orange, and red coloration in fruits and vegetables. Beta-carotene is the most abundant carotenoid in human foods and is generally thought to be the most important carotenoid for humans. Enzymes in the intestines also convert beta-carotene to vitamin A whenever it is needed. Beta Carotene has different roles to play in the body. It works as an antioxidant in its own right, and can be converted into vitamin A by the body as and when required. Beta Carotene is very safe, even at high doses. One possible side effect at extremely large doses is a slight orange discoloration of the skin, which goes away when consumption is cut. It is not possible to get too much beta carotene. They have done extensive research & testing on supplementing with beta carotene (using supplements that are not as usable as a food) and have found no levels where it becomes toxic. The yellowing of the skin is due to liver cleansing. Some people experience this and some do not. Some experience this drinking one or two juices a day, some drinking 8 or more jucies a day. The level of toxicity in the body along with how well the elimination channels are working can all play a role in whether or not a person deals with this. I had this for a little over a year (drinking 6 - 8 glasses a day). It then went away (still drinking the same amount of juice). I am still drinking 4 or 5 glasses a day and have no yellowing. Research further before you let your doctor scare you. He may not feel that it is good to drink this much carrot juice and he may not think that the skin yellowing is good (he is used to seeing all symptoms as bad - the medical approach) BUT no matter what he thinks on these issues, there is no basis for what he told you about beta carotene. Vitamin A is a fat soluable vitamin that can be toxic in large doses because the body is unable to rid itself of too much of this vitamin. The body will convert beta carotene into Vit. A - as needed - it will not over convert.

Bladder

The urinary bladder is the collecting organ for urine produced by the kidneys above. The average capacity of the bladder is 400-450 ml. When full, the stretch fibres of the parasympathetic n. signal the increasing tension within the organ (normally pressure is 6-8 cm H20) to the spinal cord, and activate the detrusor m., prompting it to empty, if given permission centrally.

Body Mass Index

A key index for relating a person's body weight to their height. The body mass index (BMI) is a person's weight in kilograms (kg) divided by their height in meters (m) squared.

Body Temperature

Normal body temperature is considered to be 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit, although it may range between 97 and 99 degrees during the day. The temperature at the beginning of the day, when a person awakens, is called the basal temperature. A doctor should always be consulted if the temperature reaches 103 degrees Fahrenheit or more in a child and 104 to 105 degrees or more in an adult.

Boiling Point

The boiling point of water is 100 °C (212 °F) at standard pressure.

Broccoli

Broccoli is a member of the cabbage family and only different in that it has a bright green compact head, stem and stalk. The head consists of many small florets which when fresh and sweet, is an excellent ingredient for making salad. So choose only young tender stalk of broccoli for best result and value. It is a superb food packed with numerous health-building and cancer-preventing nutrients. Helps the Heart - broccoli is strongly associated with the reduced risk of coronary heart disease, especially in post-menopausal women. Its anti-inflammatory effects delay the degeneration of cardiovascular tissue. Fights cancer - chemical compounds in broccoli protect against different forms of cancer. In one study of over 18,000 men, researchers found that those with detectable blood levels of isothiocyantes (a compound mainly present in broccoli) had a massive 36% reduction in developing lung cancer. Protects the prostate - taking the juice or sprouts daily helps support prostate health. Broccoli is a vasodilator, meaning it relaxes blood vessels and improved circulation. May ease arthritis pain as broccoli has an anti-flamatory action. Breaks down gallstones - broccoli has an antilithogenic effect, meaning it may help to soften and break down gall and kidney stones. Rich in Calcium - the vitamin K in broccoli strengthens bones and so lowers your risk of fractures.

C

Cancer

A disease characterized by any of various malignant neoplasms composed of abnormal cells that tend to proliferate rapidly and invade surrounding tissue, resulting in organ failure and death.

Carbohydrates

Compounds of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen and form the main source of energy in most diets. The carbohydrate of plants is mainly cellulose, starch and sugars. They are transformed by enzymes into glucose before being absorbed into the body and utilised. Glucose not burnt for energy (oxidised) is converted to glycogen and deposited in the muscles and the liver or transformed into fat and stored more permanently.

Carcinogen

Any substance that produces cancer.

Carotenoid

Any of a class of highly unsaturated yellow to red pigments occurring in plants and animals.

Carrot

Pure carrot juice not only tastes good, it has a vast array of nutrients and health benefits. It's also easily absorbed and highly cleansing. Carrots are one of the most healing foods, providing the finest and highest quality nutrients, especially in moderate juice form. Carrots are an excellent source of pro-vitamin A in the form of carotene, along with vitamins C, D, E, K, B1 and B6. Vitamin A is essential and necessary for tissue growth, especially within the bones. It is also very important in maintaining good vision. Carrots are rich in biotin, potassium, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, organic sodium, plus lots of trace minerals. Carrots are also high in anti-oxidants and are loaded with enzymes. Potassium is very important in helping to maintain a healthy electrolyte balance and fluid level in the cells of your body. It's also necessary in muscle movement, such as contraction, as well as neurotransmission which enhances mental energy levels and metabolism functions of the brain for an overall sense of well being. Phytonutrients are nature’s marvelous provision in healing various diseases. Carrots are also rich in phytonutrients, including lutein, lycopene, antioxidants, alpha, beta, and gamma carotenes, zeaxanthin, and xanthophylls.

Cataract

Partial or total opacity of the lens of the eye. A cloudy area within the normally transparent lens of the eye. It can distort or block imaging and cause decreased or unclear vision.

Catarrh

Inflammation of a mucous membrane with increased production of mucus, esp. affecting the nose and throat.

Cell

We have 100 trillion cells in our body. Our body's cells die and replace at the rate of approximately 300 million cells per minute. Therefore our body must be given and fed with raw, live and organic building materials to produce a superior cell to the cell it is replacing. Only by this can our body's own built in, self-healing mechanism kicks in, seeks out the trouble areas (physical breakdowns), and usually fixes the problem, just as God designed it to do.

Cholesterol

Cholesterol is a fatty substance produced naturally by the body and found in our blood. It has many good uses, but can become a problem where there is too much of it in the blood. There are two types of cholesterol - 'bad' (LDL- (low density lipo-protein)) cholesterol and 'good' (HDL - (high density lipo-protein)) cholesterol. LDL cholesterol is the type of cholesterol that clogs blood vessels and HDL is the type of cholesterol that helps unclog blood vessels. LDL makes up most of your body’s cholesterol. High levels of LDL cholesterol raise your risk for heart disease and stroke. HDL absorbs cholesterol and carries it back to the liver. The liver then flushes it from the body. High levels of HDL cholesterol can lower your risk for heart disease and stroke.

D

Dairy

Cow's milk is meant for calves, and babies are meant to drink mother's milk until weaned from it. Cow's milk has four times the protein and only half the carbohydrate content of human milk. Pasteurization destroys the natural enzyme in cow's milk required to digest its' heavy protein content. This excess milk protein therefore putrefies in the human digestive tract, clogging the intestines with sticky sludge, some of which seeps back into the bloodstream. As this putrid sludge accumulates from daily consumption of dairy products, the body forces some of it out through the skin (acne, blemishes) and lungs (catarrh), while the rest of it festers inside, forms mucus that breeds infections, causes allergic reactions, and stiffens joints with calcium deposits.

Dementia

Dementia, a progressive brain dysfunction, leads to a gradually increasing restriction of daily activities. The most well-known type of dementia is Alzheimer's disease.

Dermatosis

A skin condition with variable degrees of itching and in more severe cases, eruption of the skin on the anterior part of the chest, the upper part of the back, and the lower part of the rib cage.

Diabetes

What is diabetes mellitus? Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by high blood sugar (glucose) levels, which result from defects in insulin secretion, or action, or both. Diabetes mellitus, commonly referred to as diabetes, means "sweet urine." Elevated levels of blood glucose (hyperglycemia) lead to spillage of glucose into the urine, hence the term sweet urine. Normally, blood glucose levels are tightly controlled by insulin, a hormone produced by the pancreas. Insulin lowers the blood glucose level. When the blood glucose elevates (for example, after eating food), insulin is released from the pancreas to normalize the glucose level. In patients with diabetes mellitus, the absence or insufficient production of insulin causes hyperglycemia. Diabetes mellitus is a chronic medical condition, meaning it can last a lifetime. What is the impact of diabetes? Over time, diabetes mellitus can lead to blindness, kidney failure, and nerve damage. Diabetes mellitus is also an important factor in accelerating the hardening and narrowing of the arteries (atherosclerosis), leading to strokes, coronary heart diseases, and other blood vessel diseases.

Diet

A specific allowance or selection of food esp. prescribed to control weight or for health reasons. The food and drink that a person or an animal regularly consumes.

Digestion

Food is placed in the mouth and our teeth start to chew on it. The teeth reduce the food from its hard fibre form to a pulp form. Only now, after it has been reduced to a pulp form and mixed with the saliva, do we wallow it. This is the first step in digestion! Once that pulp has been chewed, mixed with the saliva and swallowed, it begins its journey through the digestive tract, a system God designed to be the means of processing that piece of food and placing it into a form the physical body could utilize as fuel and nourishment. Now that the pulp has been swallowed, it is now called a bolus as it slides down the esophagus to the upper chamber of the stomach, where the enzymes contained in that food work on it for a time, further breaking it down in preparation for utilization by the body. After spending some time in the upper chamber of the stomach, little by little, the stomach transfers the food to the lower chamber of the stomach, adds gastric juices to it and grinds it to a semi liquid mass called chyme. The chyme now bypasses the openings from the common bile duct, which is dripping digestive juices from the pancreas and gallbladder to facilitate the digestive process, into the small intestines. As the chyme travels through the three segments of the almost ten-feet of the small intestines the nutrients along with most of the liquid are absorbed into the blood stream while the remaining chyme(fibre) enters the colon for eventual elimination.

Durian

Durian is known as the King of fruits in Asia, where durians are grown mostly in Malaysia and Thailand. It is a spiky fruit with many seeds of white creamy flesh. To open the durian, one needs to be very careful not to hurt your hands. Use a chopping knife to break open the hard outer layer of the fruit and then with a piece of cloth break wide the opening. Once it is open you can still open up another compartment of the fruit to reveal the hidden seeds. The flesh of a durian is full of nutritional value in vitamins, minerals, carbohydrates, proteins and fibre. It is a must fruit to try when one travels to Southeast Asia. Durian lovers crave for their sweetness and mouth-watering flavour. You either hate it or love it!

Dyspepsia

Indigestion or upset stomach.

E

Electrolytes

“Electrolyte” is the umbrella term for particles that carry a positive or negative electric charge. In nutrition, the term refers to essential minerals such as sodium, calcium, and potassium that are vital to many key functions in the body, are found in your blood, sweat and urine. When these minerals dissolve in a fluid, they form electrolytes — positive or negative ions used in metabolic processes. Electrolytes are crucial to keeping your nervous system and muscles functioning and your internal environment balanced.

Energy

Both kilojoules and kilocalories are units of energy. When we eat food, we convert it into energy, which are used to perform bodily functions such as breathing, circulating blood, moving muscles, maintaining body temperature, etc. The kilojoules is the unit now most widely used for expressing food energy. It is based on an international system of units designed to minimize differences in terminology between countries. Energy used to be measured in kilocalories (sometimes this was simply called calories). One kilocalorie is equivalent to 4.186 kilojoules. As an approximation, to find the number of kilojoules in food, multiply the number of kilocalories by four.

Enzymes

“Enzymes are not ‘substances.’ Enzymes are an intangible magnetic Cosmic Energy Life Principle...which is intimately involved in the action and activity of every atom in the human body, in vegetation, and in every form of life… Where there is life, there are enzymes.” Dr. Norman W. Walker. Enzymes are the sparks that start the essential chemical reactions our bodies need to live. They are necessary for digesting food, for stimulating the brain, for providing cellular energy, and for repairing all tissues, organs and cells. There are three different types of enzymes: metabolic enzymes spark the reactions within the cells, thus keep our body function properly; digestive enzymes break down food, allowing nutrients to be absorbed into the bloodstream to be used in bodily functions. Digestive enzymes ensure that that we get the greatest possible nutritional value from food. Food enzymes are enzymes supplied to us through the foods we eat. God has put them there to aid in our digestion of food. This way, we do not use as many of the body's "in-house" enzymes in the digestive process. Enzymes are destroyed at temperature above 118°F. This means that cooked and processed foods contain few, if any, enzymes. When we eat this type of diet, we could well be eating for a shorter and less-than-healthy life. This points to the importance of eating raw fruits, vegetables, nuts and seeds as commanded by God in Gen. 1:29. These foods contain active enzymes, and the more enzymes you get, the healthier you are. And the more raw foods you eat, the more enzymes you get.

Estrogen

Estrogens are present in significant amounts in both men and women. They are present in significantly higher amounts in women after menarche (onset of menstrual periods at puberty) until menopause (cessation of menstrual periods after completion of reproductive age). The primary function of estrogens is development of female secondary sexual characteristics. These includes breasts, endometrium, regulation of the menstrual cycle etc. In males estrogen helps in maturation of the sperm and maintenance of a healthy libido.

F

Fats

Compounds of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen and are the richest source of energy in the diet. They have a high fuel value, increase the palatability of food and tend to satisfy hunger. They are broken down into glycerol and fatty acids before absorption into the blood. Eventually these constituents are either converted into energy or reformed into fat and stored. Natural unadulterated fats are not only highly nutritious, gram for gram they contain far more energy than any other type of food on earth, which makes them the most efficient fuel for essence-to-energy food type.

Flatulence

Suffering caused as a result of excessive amount of gas in the alimentary canal.

Fruits

Fruits are very easy to digest and metabolize, but only when eaten on an empty stomach. In fact, most fruits go straight through the stomach into the duodenum for digestion, which means if you put fresh fruit on top of a big meal, it has to sit and wait in the top of the stomach until the other food is digested, during which delay bacteria attack the fruit and ferment it, gobbling up all the nutrients and leaving you with gas and metabolic wastes.

Flatulence

Suffering caused as a result of excessive amount of gas in the alimentary canal.

G

Gall Bladder

A muscular sac attached to the right lobe of the liver that stores bile. Bile is a bitter greenish to golden brown alkaline fluid secreted by the liver and stored in the ball bladder. It aids digestion of fats.

Gout or Uric Acid

A metabolic disease characterised by painful inflammation of certain joints, esp. of the big toe, caused by deposits of sodium urate.

Grains

As a result of modern milling methods, which scrape away the nutrient-laden bran and germ and leave only the starchy white pith, most commercial grain foods are nutritionally naked. Only whole-grains provide whole-nutrition. Beans, however, are acidifying. Grains can also cause indigestion and flatulence if they are not thoroughly chewed and salivated in the mouth before swallowing. That's because all carbohydrates must begin their digestive journey in the mouth, where an alkaline enzyme called ptyalin is secreted from salivary glands to initiate the breakdown of starches.

H

Heartbeat

How fast the heart beats depends on the body's need for oxygen-rich blood. At rest, the SA node causes your heart to beat about 50 to 100 times each minute. During activity or excitement, your body needs more oxygen-rich blood; the heart rate rises to well over 100 beats per minute. You can tell how fast your heart is beating (your heart rate) by feeling your pulse. Your heart-rate is the amount of times your heart beats in one minute. You will need a watch with a second hand. Place your index and middle finger of your hand on the inner wrist of the other arm, just below the base of the thumb. ou should feel a tapping or pulsing against your fingers. Count the number of taps you feel in 10 seconds. Multiply that number by 6 to find out your heart-rate for one minute: Pulse in 10 seconds x 6 = ____ beats per minute (your heart-rate) When feeling your pulse, you can also tell if your heart rhythm is regular or not. The normal resting adult heart beats regularly at an average rate of 60 times per minute.

Homogenize

To break up the fat globules in milk or cream so that they are evenly distributed.

Honey

Honey has been used worldwide for millennia to promote healing. It aids stomach and digestion. Honey does not ferment in the stomach because, being an inverted sugar, it is easily absorbed and there is no danger of a bacterial invasion. The flavour of honey excites our palate. For the anaemic, dyspeptic, convalescent and the aged, honey is an excellent reconstructive and tonic. In malnutrition, no food or drug can equal it. The laxative value of honey, on account of its lubricating effect, is well known. Its fatty acid content stimulates peristalsis. Honey is recommended in gastric catarrh, hyperacidity, gastric and duodenal ulcers and gall bladder diseases. Honey is also a common treatment for allergies, mouth ulcers and burns. It is also interesting to note that honey has anti-cancer properties. Other than for oral use, honey is widely used to promote healthy skin, hair and scalp. It is the ultimate moisturizer, along with being a bath and antibacterial soap. In dental care, it cleans teeth, dentures, stops bleeding gums and treats canker sores, blisters and mouth ulcers. Besides being a natural preservative, honey is truly and antiseptic, antibiotic, antifungal, and antibacterial commodity!

Hormone

A compound manufactured by one organ of the body that affects another part.

Hydrogenate

To undergo or cause to undergo a reaction with hydrogen, a flammable colourless gas that is the lightest and most abundant element in the universe. Hydrogenated oil is an oil with trans-fatty acids that has been chemically changed from a room-temperature liquid state into a solid, such as butter.

Hypertrophy

Enlargement of an organ or part resulting from an increase in the size of the cells.

hypothyroidism

Insufficient production of thyroid hormones by the thyroid gland.

I

Inflammation

A local response to cellular injury that is marked by capillary dilatation, leukocytic infiltration, redness, heat, pain, swelling, and often loss of function and that serves as a mechanism initiating the elimination of noxious agents and of damaged tissue.

Infertility

Incapable of or unsuccessful in achieving pregnancy over a considerable period of time (as a year) in spite of determined attempts by heterosexual intercourse without contraception.

Immune System

The bodily system that protects the body from foreign substances, cells, and tissues by producing the immune response and that includes especially the thymus, spleen, lymph nodes, special deposits of lymphoid tissue (as in the gastrointestinal tract and bone marrow), lymphocytes including the B cells and T cells, and antibodies.

Insomnia

Chronic inability to fall asleep or to enjoy uninterrupted sleep.

Iodine

An essential element in the diet used by the thyroid gland to make thyroid hormones.

Iron

Insufficient iron in your diet, is one of the causes of anaemia. Iron is needed to make haemoglobin, which is contained in your red blood cells. It carries the oxygen to the cells in your body where it is needed to produce energy. If you do not have enough iron, there is insufficient haemoglobin to take oxygen to the tissues of your body. Common symptoms of anaemia include tiredness, dizzy spells, shortness of breath and palpitations. To help your body absorb the iron, take vitamin C rich foods with your meals. Iron absorption can also be inhibited by some foods. Take tea and coffee for example. Tannin in tea, both the caffeine and the polyphenols found in tea and coffee inhibit the absorption of iron from food. So, to make the most of the iron-rich plant foods you enjoy, you need to avoid drinking tea, coffee and cola drinks with your meals.

J


K

Kidneys

Two bean shaped organs at the back of the abdominal cavity in humans. They perform two functions which are essential to life. 1. They filter waste products from the blood plasma, which are excreted as urine. 2. They regulate the composition of blood plasma.

Kilojoule

An A kilojoule is a unit of energy. It also refers to the energy value of food and the amount of energy our bodies burn. The common term for this used to be 'calorie'.

L

Lemon

Lemon contains the highest amount of vitamin C of all the fruit in the citrus family and is highly regarded for its medicinal values. It is high in acid so should be taken in moderation or diluted with water. One part of lemon juice to 2 or 3 parts water is a good mix. It you find the juice too bitter add a little honey. Lemon juice is effective as a mild laxative and blood purifier. It is also an effective anti-oxidant. Anti-oxidants protect ourselves against heart disease, cancer and other such illnesses. Choose lemons that are bright-yellow, heavy and that have a firm, textured skin. They will yield the most juice.

Liver

The liver is the largest gland in the body, wedged shaped and reddish-brown. Its right lobe sits in the human abdominal cavity. Its main function is the metabolic transformation of nutrients. It also secretes bile, stores glycogen and detoxifies certain poisons.

Lutein

Lutein is a carotenoid with reported anti-inflammatory properties. A large body of evidence shows that lutein has several beneficial effects, especially on eye health. In particular, lutein is known to improve or even prevent age-related macular disease which is the leading cause of blindness and vision impairment.

Lycopene

Lycopene is a plant nutrient with antioxidant properties. It's the pigment that gives red and pink fruits, such as tomatoes, watermelons and pink grapefruit, their characteristic color. Lycopene has been linked to health benefits ranging from heart health to protection against sunburns and certain types of cancers.

Lymphatic System

The lymphatic system is the reserve drainage system for the tissue spaces. It deals with excessive tissue fluid and any particles too large to pass through the walls of the capillaries.

M

Metabolism

The sum total of the chemical processes that occur in living organisms, resulting in growth, production of energy, elimination of waste material, etc.

Meat

Meat flesh is totally devoid of fiber! Fiber can only be found in plant source foods, and it is the fiber in these plant foods that our Creator designed our digestive tract to use to move our food rapidly through our very lengthy digestive tract. Animal products, organic or commercially raised, move very sluggishly through our digestive tract in an atmosphere of 98.6 degrees. This animal flesh (commercially or organically produced) putrefies during this lengthy journey in a very warm environment, and not only causes body odor from its putrefaction, but also almost all of our digestive tract and colon problems, including IBS (irritable bowel syndrome).

Margarine

Hydrogenated oil with salt.

N

Nutrition

Human nutrition is a process, in order for our organisms and cells to sustain life, to obtain food with life supporting substances that can be digested and used for the nourishment of the human body.

O

Oesophagus

The part of the alimentary canal between the pharynx and the stomach gullet.

Oil

With most oil that are commercially processed, the first thing that happens is solvents are added to raise them to really high temperatures, then they are further put through five or six processes. As a result, important nutrients are lost.

P

Palpitation

Any variation from the normal rhythm in the heartbeat.

Pasteurization

The process of heating beverages such as milk, beer, wine, cider or solid foods, such as cheese or crab meat, to destroy harmful microorganisms.

Pathogen

Any agent that can cause disease.

Pellagra

Scaling of the skin, inflammation of the mouth, diarrhoea, mental impairment.

Peristalsis

The wavelike muscular contractions of the intestine or other tubular structure that propel the contents onward by alternate contraction and relaxation.

Photophobia

Abnormal sensitivity of the eyes to light.

Phytochemicals

Phytochemicals are non-nutritive plant chemicals that have protective or disease preventive properties. There are more than thousand known phytochemicals. It is well-known that plant produce these chemicals to protect itself but recent research demonstrate that many phytochemicals can protect humans against diseases. Some of the well-known phytochemicals are lycopene in tomatoes, isoflavones in soy and flavanoids in fruits. Phytochemicals are not essential nutrients and are not required by the human body for sustaining life.

Phytogenesis

The branch of botany concerned with the origin and evolution of plants.

Phytonutrients

“Phyto” means plant. Phytonutient (pronounced fight-o-nutrient) literally means plant nutrient. Phytonutrients are natural compounds found in plant foods such as vegetables, fruit, whole grain products and legumes. Phytonutrients have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties that can help support a healthy human body. These plant compounds have beneficial effects working with other essential nutrients to promote good health.

Probiotics

Probiotics are friendly intestinal flora (bacteria). The normal human digestive tract is home for over 400 species of bacteria. Some are friendly and perform various beneficial functions such as: help to manufacture B vitamins and essential fats; clean the intestinal tract, purify the colon, and promote bowl movements; produce antibiotics and antifungals that prevent the over-growth of harmful bacterial and fungi; contribute to destruction of molds, viruses, and parasites; create lactic acid, which balances intestinal pH; breakdown and rebuild hormones; and many other beneficial functions.

Progesterone

Progesterone governs the second half or luteal phase of your menstrual cycle, prepares for pregnancy, helps control abnormal menstrual bleeding, helps prepare for a fertilized egg prior to implantation, assists in producing breast milk and helps maintain pregnancy. If progesterone is low, miscarriage can occur. Also, very important to know it builds new bones and promotes breakdown of fats with the liver. It helps relieve hormonal imbalances from PMS to menopausal symptoms.

Protein

Protein is composed of amino acids, which are the building blocks of our body. There are basically 23 essential amino acids needed by the body, out of which the body produces 15 and the balance 8 must be obtained from food. Protein composes 15 percent of our body, which is second to water, which composes 70 percent. Protein can be stored by the body for future use and it is recommended that only 2 ½ to 8 percent of our total calorie intake comes from the intake of protein. Excessive protein has been found to be harmful to the body in that it congests our body cells and render overburdened cells toxic. “Undigested protein” which comes from the consumption of meat and which must be eliminated, leaves an acidic residue, which causes the body to balance out its pH by withdrawing calcium from the bones and teeth. These excessive undigested protein collects in the colon putrefies into toxic waste and some of which are absorbed into the bloodstream.

Pus

The yellow or greenish product of inflammation.

Putrefy

Where organic matter decompose or rot with an offensive smell.

Q


R

Respiration

The process in living organisms of taking in oxygen from the surroundings and giving out carbon dioxide. The chemical breakdown of complex organic substances that takes place in the cells and tissues, during which energy is released and carbon dioxide produced.

RDI

Recommended Dietary Intake.

S

Salmonella

Any of a genus of rod-shaped aerobic bacteria including many species causing food poisoning.

Sciatica

A form of neuralgia characterised by intense pain along the body’s longest nerve (sciatic nerve), extending from the back of the thigh down to the calf of the leg.

Shingles

An acute viral disease characterised by inflammation, pain and skin eruptions along the course of affected nerves.

Sugar

Sugar is without question one of the most dangerous substances on the food market today. What we are talking about here is sucrose, the white crystalline sugar refined from cane or beet juice by stripping away all its vitamins, minerals, protein, fiber, water, and other synergists. White sugar is an industrially processed chemical not found in nature, and it is not fit for human consumption. Sugar is so changed and concentrated from its original plant form... that it is actually a drug! Just 10 teaspoons (approximately the amount found in one soft drink) will immobilize the immune system by about 33 percent. Approximately 30 teaspoons of sugar will shut down the immune system for a whole day.

T

Thyroid

The thyroid gland is the biggest gland in the neck. It is situated in the anterior (front) neck below the skin and muscle layers, below the Adam's apple. The thyroid gland takes the shape of a butterfly with the two wings being represented by the left and right thyroid lobes which wrap around the trachea. The thyroid makes and stores hormones that help regulate heart rate, blood pressure, body temperature, and the rate at which food is converted into energy. Thyroid hormones also help children grow and develop. The thyroid uses iodine, a mineral found in some foods and in iodized salt, to make several of its hormones. This hormone has an effect on nearly all tissues of the body where it increases cellular activity. The function of the thyroid therefore is to regulate the body's metabolism. The function of the thyroid gland is to take iodine, found in many foods, and convert it into thyroid hormones: thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). Thyroid cells are the only cells in the body which can absorb iodine. These cells combine iodine and the amino acid tyrosine to make T3 and T4. T3 and T4 are then released into the blood stream and are transported throughout the body where they control metabolism (conversion of oxygen and calories to energy). Every cell in the body depends upon thyroid hormones for regulation of their metabolism. The normal thyroid gland produces about 80% T4 and about 20% T3, however, T3 possesses about four times the hormone "strength" as T4. The thyroid gland is prone to several very distinct problems, some of which are extremely common. These problems can be broken down into [1] those concerning the production of hormone (too much, or too little), [2] those due to increased growth of the thyroid causing compression of important neck structures or simply appearing as a mass in the neck, [3] the formation of nodules or lumps within the thyroid which are worrisome for the presence of thyroid cancer, and [4] those which are cancerous.

Thrush

Thrush is the widely used term for a common fungal infection caused by Candida albicans. Usually this takes the form of trivial vaginal or mouth infections, although it can affect the body more widely and seriously on rare occasions. SYMPTONS Vaginal Thrush: This causes itch and a cheesy discharge. The area is oftern redder than usual. It is often painful too, especially on intercourse, and may be associated with frequency of passing water and burning or pain on passing water. It may, therefore be confused with bladder infections (cystitis). Thrust, however, is usually associated with itching, which cystitis is not. Oral Thrust: This may cause a sore mouth and throat, and as weel as redness. It is characterised by white discharge on the surface. Babies, especially those being bottle fed, may suffer from this, as well as adults. Nappy Rash: One cause of a persistent nappy/diaper rash is infection of the area with thrush. CAUSES The cause is a fungus which is found widely in nature (Candida albicans) and indeed is frequently present in the mouth and motions of people in good health. It seems that it is at periods when the defence mechanisms are down that it actually causes a problem. This can be when physically or mentally "run down" in women either pregant or on the oral contraceptive pill, in diabetes and people either on steroids, or whose immune systems are suppressed. Antibiotics, which deplete the naturally occurring bacteria, which are useful to the body, as well as the invading bacteria which they are being used to treat, may disturb the natural balance of the body and lead to thrush developing. Thrush is otherwise known as Candidiasis, Moniliasis, or yeast infection.

Tomato

Botanically, a tomato is the ovary, together with its seeds, of a flowering plant: therefore it is a fruit or, more precisely, a berry. However, the tomato is not as sweet as those foodstuffs usually called fruits and, from a culinary standpoint, it is typically served as part of a salad or main course of a meal, as are vegetables, rather than at dessert in the case of most fruits. Its red colour is derived from a crystalline substance called Lycopene and is one of nature's most powerful antioxidants. When stored in the refrigerator, it tends to lose its flavour and is best kept and eaten at room temperature.

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Vitamin D

While vitamin D is called a vitamin, it is actually a hormone. It is a fat-soluble nutrient found in limited quantities in food and mostly and freely obtainable exposing our face, arms, hands and legs to the ultraviolet rays of the sun, which triggers Vitamin D synthesis in the skin. It can be stored in the body for use by the body in case of scarcity. Once vitamin D is produced in the skin or consumed by way of food or supplement form, it undergoes conversion in the liver and kidney to form the active hormone calciferol (the active form of vitamin D). It is required for the absorption and utilization of calcium and phosphorus. It works in harmony with other vitamins, minerals and hormones to promote strong bones, maintain a healthy immune system and help regulate cell growth and differentiation (the process that determines what a cell is to become). It protects against muscle weakness and helps in the regulation of the heart beat. It is associated with lower risks of osteoporosis, several types of cancer, MS, arthritics, heart disease and juvenile diabetes. A good vitamin D level for most people should be 1,000 IU per day. Exposure to the sun for 5 to 15 mins a few days in a week would help generate vitamin D, especially during the winter months.

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Water

The body needs at least 3 ½ to 4 quarts or 3.3 to 3.8 liters of pure water daily. 70% of our body is made up of water, out of which 40% is found in cells, 15% found outside the cells and 15% in the blood vessels.

Water Retention

Fluid retention (oedema) occurs when fluid isn't removed from the body tissues, including the skin, resulting in swelling of body parts such as feet, hands and ankles, a feeling of stiffness or aching and weight fluctuations. Fluid retention may be a sign of disease including kidney disease, heart failure, chronic lung disease, arthritis or an allergic reaction.

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